southern+colonies+08+09

= Southern Colonies =

B. Georgia's first governor was James Oglethorpe. He also founded the colony. Oglethorpe wanted people to have religious freedom in Georgia because he had a friend who was killed for his religion.
=== C. Maryland's first governor was Leonard Calvert. His father, George Calvert (Lord Baltimore), got a Maryland charter from King Charles I. Leonard went and founded the colony while his brother Cecil guarded the charter. ===

V. Problems and difficulties
=== A. A man named William Claiborne established a trading post on Kent Island, Maryland without paying rent to Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert) like other Marylander traders did. Claiborne refused to do this. Then, Governor Leonard Calvert sent a group who captured his trade goods. Then, Claiborne fought the colony. He surrendered, concluding Chesapeake Bay's first sea battle. ===

B. One problem in Georgia was that not all crops grew. Also, in 1763, the French and Indian War restarted because of fur trade.
C. Pirates caused economic hardship for the people of North and South Carolina. (Pirates blockaded the two colonies so English ships could not get through.) D. The French and Indian War was not fought within North Carolina, but it cost them because they were heavily taxed.

A. Clothing
==== ** 1. Rich Marylanders wore clothes made in England or Philadelphia, while less wealthy people wore "home-spun" clothes. These were made by the women in the family using wool or linen yarn. 2. Cotton was a big deal in Georgia only because they used it to make clothes. This is partially how slavery got started in Georgia.** 3. Virginian men wore white shirts with lace collars and leather shoes and hats. Their coats and pants were made of silk. The women made dresses made of silk, satin, velvet, or broadcloth. Most Virginians did not have a lot of money so they made their own clothes from wool and flax. They tanned their own leather, which they used to make belts, hats, pouches, and shoes.====

B. Education
=== 1. Before the 1690s, children in Maryland were educated not by public schools but by their parents, private tutors, ministers, or not educated at all. Maryland's first public school, King William's School in Annapolis, was opened in 1696 to teach young men writing, religion, Greek, and Latin. Not long after, Maryland's first public libraries were opened. ===

2. In Georgia, children were educated by their parents or private tutors. When they grew up, only the boys went to college. Girls don't get the schooling.
3. In Virginia, the girls learned to read, write, and do simple math while the boys prepared for college. Like in Georgia, girls did not go to college. Virginia's first free school was established in 1635. The students learned from hornbooks, sheets of paper attached to a frame and handle used to teach children how to read. They learned the alphabet, numbers, and the Lord's Prayer. Virginia's first university, the College of William and Mary, was established in 1693. The country's oldest honor society, Phi Beta Kapa, began their in 1776.

C. Government
==== ** 1. Maryland's government was called the General Assembly. Today, the state legislature bears that name. When the General Assembly tried to make Maryland laws, they sent them to Lord Baltimore in England. He disapproved of them and said only he could make Maryland laws. The General Assembly thought this was unfair, so they refused to put his laws into action in return. 2. James Oglethorpe was the first governor of Georgia because he founded the colony. ** ====

VII. Relationships with Natives
=== A. Lord Baltimore signed a treaty with Maryland's Native Americans. However, after several generations of Europeans living there, very few were left. Many had been pushed out of their reservation by the settlers or died of European disease. ===

B. When the first Europeans arrived in North Carolina, the Tuscarora Native Americans owned the land.
C. James Oglethorpe found some Native Americans when he was trying to find a good place for Georgia. He tried to maintain a good relationship with them and tried to respectfully tell them that the colonists needed the land.

VIII. Slavery
=== A. Wealthy Marylanders hired indentured servants do farming work for them. Indentured servants were treated like slaves, but they only worked for about four years. After this term of service, they were not only freed but also given new clothes, a gun, tools, and some land. Starting in the 1640s, slaves started to arrive in Maryland. They were not paid and most worked for their whole lives, their children also becoming slaves. However, not many white Marylanders had slaves in the late 1600s because many of them could not afford slaves. === ==== ** B. In Georgia, slavery became a big deal because people needed other people to plant cotton. C. Slavery was important to South Carolina's economy. South Carolinans were the first to have Native Americans as slaves. ** ====